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Description
Along with hydrocarbons the substances containing impurity atoms are a part of oil. Sulfur-containing — H2S, merkaptana, mono - and disulfides, thiohair dryers and thiofans, and also polycyclic, etc. (70 — 90% concentrate in residual products — fuel oil and tar); nitrogen-containing — mainly homologs of pyridine, quinoline, an indole, a carbazole, a pirrol, and also porphyrines (mostly concentrates in heavy fractions and the remains); oxygen-containing — naphthenic acids, phenols, resinous asfaltenovye, etc. substances (are concentrated usually in the high-boiling fractions). Element structure (%): 82-87 C; 11-14,5 N; 0,01-6 S (it is rare to 8); 0,001-1,8 N; 0,005 — 0,35 O (it is rare to 1,2), etc. In total in oil more than 50 elements are revealed. So, along with mentioned, at oil there are V (10−5 — 10−2%), Ni (10−4−10−3%), Cl (from traces to 2×10−2%) etc. Content of the specified connections and impurity in raw materials of different fields fluctuates over a wide range therefore it is possible to speak about an average chemical composition of oil only conditionally.
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